Ftir software commands

When working with intractable solid samples, the abrasion technique is suitable for high-throughput, automated measurements.

The abrasion disk is simply rubbed against the sample, removed from its holder and placed directly on a multi-position sample plate for measurement in a diffuse reflection accessory.

For specular reflection applications, the goal is often to measure reflectivity of a sample at a prescribed point s using a holder to accommodate numerous samples on a single platform or to map a larger surface such as a silicon wafer. Automation has also been applied to a variable angle specular reflection accessory to allow spectra to be collected at a range of angles thus eliminating substitution errors resulting from removing the sample between background and sample measurements.

Automated transmission has been employed for solids that transmit over the spectral range of interest and is of an appropriate pathlength to produce a quality spectrum.

Example applications include measurements of lenses and silicon wafers. Automated liquid transmission sampling accessories use a transmission cell and require a sophisticated sample delivery and flushing system. Various automated diffuse and specular reflection and transmission accessories are available from Pike Technologies Madison, WI.

Until now, an automated attenuated total reflection ATR accessory on a non-micro scale has been elusive despite ATR being the most popular mid-IR sampling technique due to its ease-of-use and small fixed pathlength.

However, cleaning of the ATR crystal after every measurement is mandatory and has hindered the development of a commercial automated ATR in the past. With new innovations these challenges have been met and the advantages of automation are realised with the introduction of the AutoATR by Pike Technologies.

This new sampling accessory greatly enhances productivity of large-scale studies and facilitates routine measurements for high-throughput labs. The accessory is suitable for making ATR measurements of liquids, gels, pastes, casted films and more. The AutoATR merges an exciting new ATR crystal developed via microtechnology with a microtiter plate platform offering precision mechanics and automated software control. Using a well microtiter plate format enables 24 unique ATR measurements to be conducted within one run.

The dimensions of an individual crystal are 9 mm x 11 mm; the ATR active area is 7 mm x 9 mm. Each well plate consists of 24 individual and removable Si ATR crystals. The microplate has a two-piece design. Crystals are seated in the immersions located in the bottom portion. The upper portion, made from PTFE for inertness, contains machined sample wells. An expanded PTFE seal provides a leak-proof union. The well ATR plate is easily disassembled to remove the crystal if necessary.

It has an extremely inert sampling surface and is suitable for use with substances having a pH between The changeable ATR crystals also offer the opportunity to store the samples and to prepare different samples at the same time i. In addition, the plain silicon surface may be functionalised outside the microplate, because the crystals are removable and interchangeable. Its X,Y tray moves to a position outside the accessory for easy loading and unloading of samples while maintaining purge.

The stage is driven by precision servo motors with optical encoders for speed and reproducibility. USB and DC power are the only external connections required. The optical design is based upon a precision ellipsoidal reflector, which has been diamond turned for optimal performance.

Hamid 2. Thus, the time element per sample is reduced to a matter of a few seconds rather than several minutes. Moving mirror. When one of the two mirrors is translated, all optical frequencies are converted into cosine waves of intensity; the result is the complex time variation of intensity called the interferogram. The spectrum is calculated from the interferogram by computing its cosine Fourier transform. This in effect, decodes the individual frequencies in the spectral analysis.

The other beam reflects off of a flat mirror which is on a mechanism which allows this mirror to move a very short distance typically a few millimeters away from the beamsplitter. This can be accomplished via a well-known mathematical technique called the Fourier transformation. Hamid FT-IR spectrometers use either 1. Pyroelectric thermal detectors DTGS. Photoconductive detectors. This residual polarization is sensitive to changes in temperature.

The most commonly used photoconductive detector is the MCT Mercury Cadmium Telluride , which must be cooled to liquid nitrogen temperatures for proper operation.

The Source: Infrared energy is emitted from a source. The resulting interferogram signal then exits the interferometer to the sample. The Sample: The beam is transmitted through or reflected off of the surface of the sample, where specific frequencies of energy, which are uniquely characteristic of the sample bonds are absorbed, the rest go to the detector.

The Computer: The measured signal is digitized and sent to the computer where the Fourier transformation takes place. Hamid 14 Hamid 15 Hamid I. Menu bar. Tools bar. View finder. Bench status indicator. Information button. Hamid 18 The menus are arranged in an order that is convenient for collecting and processing data.

One new function is the "Easy Macro" function, which makes the macros in IRsolution even easier to use. Easy macros allow you to automate routine tasks, such as spectral measurement, data processing, and printing. Note that LabSolutions IR also offers an optional VB macro function similar to the one available in IRsolution to automate complex tasks that cannot be handled by easy macros. However, since specialist knowledge is required to create VB macros, this function is only available on a custom-order basis.

Macros, available in Microsoft Excel and other software programs, allow repeated, frequently performed operations to be registered in a single file, which can subsequently be loaded and run automatically. The commands for the sequence of operations are written in a text file according to certain rules. The text file, known as a "macro" or "macro program," is difficult to create without special knowledge.

However, the easy macro function offered in LabSolutions IR requires no programming knowledge and allows anyone to create macros easily. To create a macro program, simply drag and drop the symbols macro items representing commands on the screen and arrange them in operational sequence. Should you suspect a pump delivery malfunction or autoinjector injection malfunction and start inspecting the equipment?

No, just wait a minute. First, investigate whether chromatogram peaks are being integrated properly and the baseline correction line is appropriate. A slight difference in peak integration parameters can make a big difference.

In fact, by reviewing the data a little, it may be possible to avoid the trouble of acquiring data again. In some cases, peaks are not integrated correctly because target peaks contain noise. In such cases, verify that the peak integration parameters or peak integration commands in the method analytical file used to analyze data are appropriate.

In some cases, the way the peak is detected can be changed by changing the width setting, as shown on the right. Note: Rather than changing the peak integration parameters for each set of data, set those parameters when developing a method so that peaks can be integrated using the same peak integration parameters for all data measured under the same analytical conditions.